If your car is at risk of repossession, bankruptcy can stop the process and help you catch up on payments.
Filing bankruptcy triggers the automatic stay, which immediately prevents creditors from repossessing your vehicle. If your lender has sent a notice or a repo agent has contacted you, filing bankruptcy stops them.
If the car has been repossessed but not yet sold, you may be able to recover it by filing bankruptcy. The automatic stay requires the creditor to return the vehicle. Time is critical -- once the car is sold, recovery becomes much harder.
As soon as possible. Once the car is sold, recovery is unlikely. Emergency bankruptcy filings can be done within hours if needed.
If you surrender the car, the remaining loan balance after the sale is dischargeable in both Chapter 7 and Chapter 13.